Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
06:49

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

Efficacy of alternative dosing regimens of poly-aggregated amphotericin B

Raquel Espada1, Suriñe Valdespina, Gloria Molero

  • 1Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|June 7, 2008
PubMed

Insights

A novel poly-aggregated amphotericin B formulation (P-AMB) shows comparable efficacy to conventional amphotericin B (D-AMB) in treating candidiasis but with significantly reduced kidney toxicity, offering a less toxic alternative.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Amphotericin B is a critical antifungal agent for treating invasive candidiasis.
  • Conventional amphotericin B formulations (D-AMB) are associated with significant nephrotoxicity.
  • Novel drug delivery systems aim to improve amphotericin B efficacy and reduce toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a new poly-aggregated amphotericin B formulation (P-AMB) and its microencapsulated variant (MP-AMB) compared to D-AMB.
  • To assess the impact of intermittent dosing regimens on treatment outcomes.
  • To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and organ distribution of different amphotericin B formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of P-AMB and MP-AMB, with D-AMB as a control.
  • Experimental model of candidiasis in mice infected with Candida albicans.
  • Intermittent dosing regimens were administered to assess survival rates, kidney toxicity (urea levels, colony counts, organ morphology), and drug concentrations in plasma and organs.

Main Results:

  • All amphotericin B formulations significantly improved survival rates compared to untreated controls.
  • No statistically significant differences in efficacy were observed between the different formulations and dosing regimens.
  • P-AMB treatment resulted in significantly less kidney toxicity and preservation of kidney morphology compared to D-AMB.

Conclusions:

  • Non-daily dosing regimens of P-AMB demonstrate reduced toxicity compared to D-AMB.
  • P-AMB presents a promising, less toxic alternative to conventional amphotericin B for treating experimental candidiasis.
  • Further research into P-AMB's pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile is warranted.

More Related Videos

Quantifying the Antifungal Activity of Peptides Against Candida albicans06:45

Quantifying the Antifungal Activity of Peptides Against Candida albicans

Published on: January 13, 2023

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens09:57

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Published on: February 14, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides01:20

Estimation of k and VD of Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used to treat various bacterial infections. Clinicians must determine the elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (VD) to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity. The k value represents the rate at which the drug is removed from the body, and the VD reflects the degree to which the drug distributes into body tissues. Accurately estimating these parameters allows healthcare professionals to tailor drug dosing to individual...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...