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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Relapses in multiple sclerosis are age- and time-dependent.

H Tremlett1, Y Zhao, J Joseph

  • 1Department of Medicine (Neurology), rm S178, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BCV6T2B5, Canada. tremlett@interchange.ubc.ca

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|June 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse rates naturally decline over time, particularly in younger patients and early in the disease course. A significant portion of patients experience long relapse-free periods, suggesting age and disease duration influence MS activity.

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Published on: December 9, 2015

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by unpredictable relapses.
  • Understanding relapse rate patterns and predictors is crucial for effective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze relapse rate trends over time in a large RRMS cohort.
  • To identify factors influencing relapse frequency and periods of remission.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2477 RRMS patients.
  • Analysis of annualised relapse rates based on demographics and disease duration.
  • Poisson regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Relapse rates decreased by 17% every 5 years from year 5 to 30 post-onset.
  • Higher relapse rates were observed in women and those with sensory onset symptoms.
  • Over 75% of patients achieved a 5-year relapse-free period.

Conclusions:

  • Relapse rates are significantly influenced by patient age and time since disease onset.
  • Therapeutic interventions targeting relapse rates may have the greatest impact in younger patients (<40 years) and early disease stages.
  • Long-term studies must account for age-dependent variations in relapse rate decline and the common occurrence of relapse-quiescent periods.