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Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

Multiple host barriers restrict poliovirus trafficking in mice.

Sharon K Kuss1, Chris A Etheredge, Julie K Pfeiffer

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.

Plos Pathogens
|June 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The host interferon response creates bottlenecks limiting poliovirus spread to the brain. Physical barriers, not immunity, cause bottlenecks after oral poliovirus infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • RNA viruses like poliovirus exhibit high mutation rates, necessitating diverse populations for full virulence.
  • Host interferon response is hypothesized to contribute to viral population bottlenecks during poliovirus spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate poliovirus population bottlenecks in mice lacking the interferon alpha/beta receptor (PVR-IFNAR-/-) compared to those expressing the human poliovirus receptor (PVR).
  • To determine the role of the interferon response and physical barriers in poliovirus trafficking and central nervous system (CNS) invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a pool of ten marked polioviruses for population dynamics monitoring using a novel hybridization-based assay.
  • Administered poliovirus pools via intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and oral routes in PVR and PVR-IFNAR-/- mice.
  • Utilized dextran sulfate sodium treatment to assess the impact of colonic epithelium integrity on viral bottlenecks.

Main Results:

  • A significant bottleneck was observed during poliovirus transit to the brain in PVR mice, but was absent in PVR-IFNAR-/- mice, indicating interferon's role.
  • Major bottlenecks were identified in orally inoculated PVR-IFNAR-/- mice, suggesting physical barriers are crucial for oral infection routes.
  • Dextran sulfate sodium partially overcame two of three identified bottlenecks in orally infected mice.

Conclusions:

  • The interferon response is a key determinant of peripheral site-to-brain poliovirus bottlenecks.
  • Physical barriers, particularly in the gut, significantly restrict poliovirus spread following oral inoculation.
  • Host barriers and resulting limited viral diversity likely explain the rarity of poliovirus CNS invasion and paralytic poliomyelitis.