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[Breast cysts].

A Gorins1, B Tournant, F Perret

  • 1Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.

Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie Voor Geneeskunde Van Belgie
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Mammary cysts, part of fibro-cystic disease, require intervention for those over 3 mm. While hormonal factors are debated, psychogenic influences and increased breast cancer risk highlight the need for comprehensive management.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology and Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Fibrocystic breast disease is a common condition.
  • Mammary cysts are a significant component of this disease.
  • Pathological significance is attributed to cysts larger than 3 mm.

Purpose:

  • To review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to mammary cysts.
  • To discuss the debated pathogeny, including hormonal and psychogenic factors.
  • To clarify the relationship between mammary cysts and breast cancer risk.

Summary:

  • Diagnostic methods include clinical examination, puncture, mammography, cystography, thermography, and ultrasonography.
  • Pathogenesis involves complex hormonal factors (hyperestrogenemia, luteal deficiency, dysprolactinemia) and psychogenic influences.

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  • Intracystic studies of steroids (DHEAS), glycoproteins, proteins, electrolytes, EGF, and Na/K ratio offer promising research avenues.
  • Cysts with flat or hyperplastic walls (apocrine type) are noted.
  • While cysts rarely become cancerous, fibrocystic disease increases breast cancer risk threefold to fourfold.
  • Treatment involves psychotherapy, tranquilizers, cyst puncture, phlebotonics, anti-prostaglandins, colostrum extracts, and hormonal therapy (e.g., Danazol). Surgery is reserved for severe cases.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of mammary cyst management.
    • Highlights the importance of differentiating pathological cysts and understanding their link to cancer risk.
    • Emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including hormonal and psychogenic considerations.