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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries
12:55

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

Antibody engineering principles and applications.

LiNa Loo1, Matthew K Robinson, Gregory P Adams

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibody engineering advances offer new treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Innovations improve antibody specificity, affinity, and effector functions for enhanced therapeutic potential.

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Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
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Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

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Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology
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Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries
12:55

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
11:02

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology
09:42

Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology

Published on: January 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antibodies are key therapeutics for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
  • Current clinical antibodies often derive from mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
  • Limitations exist in humanized and chimeric antibody development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review impactful antibody engineering techniques.
  • To highlight advancements beyond traditional mAb development.
  • To discuss future directions in antibody-based therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on antibody selection and engineering.
  • Analysis of novel antibody structures and modifications.
  • Evaluation of techniques enhancing antibody-antigen affinity and effector functions.

Main Results:

  • Development of antibodies targeting conserved antigens.
  • Creation of novel antibody formats and fusion proteins.
  • Improved antibody affinity, effector engagement, and direct cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody engineering is rapidly advancing therapeutic options.
  • New techniques promise more effective antibody-based treatments.
  • The field is moving towards highly specific and potent antibody therapeutics.