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Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Specific Labeling of Mitochondrial Nucleoids for Time-lapse Structured Illumination Microscopy

Specific Labeling of Mitochondrial Nucleoids for Time-lapse Structured Illumination Microscopy

Published on: June 4, 2020

Rigid cyanine dye nucleic acid labels.

Adrian Fegan¹, Pravin S Shirude, Shankar Balasubramanian

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|June 10, 2008

Summary

Cyanine dyes linked to DNA maintain DNA stability while offering useful fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) properties. This DNA-dye conjugation is valuable for molecular diagnostics and biophysical studies.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Cyanine dyes are widely used fluorescent probes.
DNA-based molecular probes are essential for diagnostics.
Conjugating dyes to DNA can alter DNA properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of rigid linker attachment of cyanine dyes on DNA.
To evaluate the fluorescence and FRET properties of DNA-cyanine dye conjugates.
To assess the effect of these conjugates on DNA duplex stability.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of cyanine dyes with rigid linkers.
Covalent attachment of dyes to DNA oligonucleotides.
Spectroscopic analysis of fluorescence and FRET.

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Thermal denaturation studies to determine DNA stability.

Main Results:

Cyanine dyes were successfully attached to DNA using rigid linkers.
The resulting conjugates exhibited significant fluorescence and FRET capabilities.
DNA duplex stability was not compromised by the dye attachment.

Conclusions:

Rigid linker conjugation is a viable strategy for creating functional DNA-dye probes.
These probes retain useful photophysical properties without affecting DNA integrity.
The findings support the development of novel DNA-based sensing and imaging applications.