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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

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Published on: December 3, 2019

Lipodystrophy in pediatric HIV.

Ninad Desai1, Patricia Mullen, Mudit Mathur

  • 1Kings County Hospital Center & SUNY-Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. desain@nychhc.org

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipodystrophy is common in children with HIV/AIDS on HAART. Bioelectric Impedance (BI) is more effective than Body Mass Index (BMI) for detecting abnormal fat accumulation in these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has improved outcomes for children with HIV/AIDS.
  • However, long-term HAART use is associated with metabolic complications, including lipodystrophy.
  • Accurate assessment of fat accumulation is crucial for managing these complications in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate fat accumulation in children with HIV/AIDS receiving long-term HAART.
  • To compare the effectiveness of Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria and Bioelectric Impedance (BI) in identifying lipodystrophy.
  • To assess the incidence of lipodystrophy and associated hyperlipidemia.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 48 children (ages 6-15) with HIV/AIDS on HAART.
  • Lipodystrophy diagnosed clinically (truncal obesity with wasting).
  • Body fat assessed using CDC BMI curves and Omron HBF301 body fat analyzer (TBF%/height). Serum lipids measured.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen (31%) children developed lipodystrophy, with 93% also having hyperlipidemia.
  • CDC BMI curves identified only 7/15 as overweight or at risk.
  • Bioelectric Impedance (TBF/Ht ≥30%) showed 85% sensitivity and 88% specificity for lipodystrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Lipodystrophy is a significant concern for children with HIV/AIDS on HAART.
  • Bioelectric Impedance (BI) is superior to BMI for detecting abnormal fat accumulation in this cohort.
  • Routine use of BI is recommended for assessing children with HIV/AIDS on HAART.