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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Ventricular arrhythmias in normal hearts.

Shuaib Latif¹, Sanjay Dixit, David J Callans

¹Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cardiology Clinics

|June 10, 2008

Summary

Ventricular tachycardia in hearts without structural issues is common and can cause symptoms. Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for symptomatic patients, targeting the arrhythmia

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology

Background:

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in structurally normal hearts represents about 10% of VT cases.
While often benign, VT can cause significant patient symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding and treatment of specific VT types in normal hearts.
To highlight the role of catheter ablation as a primary therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on outflow tract, idiopathic left ventricular, and automatic VT.
Discussion of therapeutic mechanisms and outcomes.

Main Results:

Significant advancements in understanding VT mechanisms have led to effective therapies.
Catheter ablation is a successful and often preferred treatment for symptomatic VT.

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Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Published on: August 26, 2021

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Published on: August 26, 2021

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Published on: February 17, 2023

Conclusions:

VT in structurally normal hearts requires targeted therapeutic approaches.
Catheter ablation offers a successful treatment option for managing symptomatic VT.