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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1

Tracie L Miller1, E John Orav, Steven E Lipshultz

  • 1Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA. tracie.miller@miami.edu

The Journal of Pediatrics
|June 10, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have poorer cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles than their peers. Antiretroviral therapy significantly influences these cardiac risk factors in HIV-infected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a growing concern in children.
  • Understanding CVD risk factors in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is crucial for long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • To compare CVD risk profiles in HIV-infected children with a nationally representative control group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, longitudinal analysis of 42 HIV-infected children.
  • Comparison with controls from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  • Multivariable modeling of demographic, disease-specific, and treatment-related factors.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected children exhibited lower weight, height, and body mass index compared to controls.
  • Elevated triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were observed in the HIV cohort.
  • Protease inhibitor therapy was linked to adverse lipid profiles, while nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor therapy showed associations with lower visceral fat and higher HDL cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • Children with HIV present with unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles.
  • Antiretroviral therapy plays a significant role in modulating these cardiac risk factors.
Abstract

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