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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

[Hepatitis E: an emerging disease?].

E Nicand1, C Bigaillon, S Tessé

  • 1Service de biologie, centre national de référence des hépatites entérotransmissibles, hôpital d'Instruction-des-Armées-Val-de-Grâce, 74, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. en.biol-vdg@filcom.com

Pathologie-Biologie
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E, a common cause of liver inflammation in developing nations, is emerging in Western countries, primarily transmitted from pigs. This zoonotic disease highlights the need for further research into transmission routes and prevention.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Epidemiology
  • * Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • * Hepatitis E is a significant cause of acute hepatitis in young adults globally.
  • * It is less common in Western countries, typically affecting older individuals.
  • * The hepatitis E virus (HEV) shares genetic similarities with swine HEV, suggesting a zoonotic link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the emerging role of Hepatitis E as a zoonotic disease in Western countries.
  • * To explore potential transmission routes from swine to humans.
  • * To define the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in populations with potential exposure.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of epidemiological data on Hepatitis E incidence in Western countries.
  • * Analysis of genetic sequences of human and swine Hepatitis E virus isolates.
  • * Serological surveys to determine anti-HEV seropositivity rates in different population groups.

Main Results:

  • * Hepatitis E is increasingly recognized in Western countries, with identified cases rare but notable.
  • * Human HEV strains are genetically closely related to swine HEV strains.
  • * Anti-HEV seropositivity is higher in individuals with exposure to swine (up to 20%) compared to blood donors (2-3%).

Conclusions:

  • * Hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic disease in Western countries, with swine as a principal reservoir.
  • * Direct exposure to pigs through food or occupation are identified transmission routes.
  • * Further research is needed to fully elucidate all transmission pathways and implement effective control strategies.