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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2&#8217;-O-Methylation
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Structure, dynamics, and function of RNA modification enzymes.

Ryuichiro Ishitani1, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, Osamu Nureki

  • 1Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B34 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) undergo modifications that stabilize their structure and function. Recent structural studies reveal how ncRNA modification enzymes precisely recognize and modify target RNAs, acting as RNA chaperones.

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Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Most noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are post-transcriptionally modified to enhance their tertiary structure and function.
  • Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well-studied ncRNAs crucial for genetic code translation.
  • RNA modifications stabilize tRNA structure and modulate molecular recognition, with enzymes potentially acting as RNA chaperones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in the structural biology of noncoding RNA modification enzymes.
  • To elucidate the structural mechanisms underlying specific RNA recognition and chemical modification by these enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Genome and post-genome analyses to identify ncRNA modification enzymes.
  • Structural analyses of RNA-modification enzyme complexes.
  • Biochemical investigations of RNA modification processes.

Main Results:

  • Identification of new genes encoding ncRNA modification enzymes.
  • Elucidation of the structural basis for specific RNA recognition by modification enzymes.
  • Understanding the precise incorporation of chemical modifications into target RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • RNA modification enzymes play a critical role in ncRNA structure and function.
  • Structural insights reveal the sophisticated mechanisms of RNA recognition and modification.
  • These enzymes contribute to RNA folding and stability, acting as RNA chaperones.