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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion
12:06

Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Published on: October 10, 2011

Liver cancer stem cells.

Stewart Sell1, Hyam L Leffert

  • 1Wadsworth Center, Ordway Research Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA. ssell@wadsworth.org

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review examines evidence for liver cancer stem cells. While hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) show cells with stem-like properties, definitive markers and isolation of a liver cancer stem cell remain elusive.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • The origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been debated, with older theories suggesting dedifferentiation of mature liver cells.
  • Recent hypotheses propose that HCC arises from the abnormal maturation of liver stem cells, specifically small oval cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing evidence regarding the existence of liver cancer stem cells.
  • To address whether hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) originate from liver stem cells.
  • To determine if HCCs harbor cells with cancer stem cell properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the origins and cellular components of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Analysis of experimental data related to chemical induction of HCC and the role of small oval cells.

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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion
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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion

Published on: October 10, 2011

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

  • Evaluation of cellular characteristics within HCC, such as immortality, transplantability, and therapeutic resistance.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) may contain cells exhibiting stem-cell-like properties.
    • These properties include immortality, ability to be transplanted, and resistance to standard therapies.
    • However, definitive markers for these putative liver cancer stem cells have not been identified.

    Conclusions:

    • The existence of liver cancer stem cells is supported by indirect evidence, but definitive proof is lacking.
    • Further research is needed to isolate and characterize these cells and establish their role in HCC development.
    • Clarifying the origin and nature of liver cancer stem cells is crucial for developing targeted therapies.