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Related Concept Videos

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Combined Conditional Knockdown and Adapted Sphere Formation Assay to Study a Stemness-Associated Gene of Patient-derived Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
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Gastric cancer stem cells.

Shigeo Takaishi1, Tomoyuki Okumura, Timothy C Wang

  • 1Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review explores gastric cancer stem cells, identifying a subpopulation with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capabilities. It discusses potential origins, including bone marrow-derived cells, and implications for cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a critical subpopulation driving tumor growth, self-renewal, and metastasis.
  • Evidence supports CSC existence across various solid tumors, prompting investigation into gastric CSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs).
  • To discuss potential origins of GCSCs, including organ-specific stem cells and bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent data on GCSC markers.
  • In vitro spheroid formation assays in serum-free media.
  • In vivo tumorigenicity studies in immunodeficient mice.
  • Review of previous findings on BMDC contribution to gastric cancer.

Main Results:

  • A defined subpopulation exhibits spheroid formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo, suggesting GCSC existence.
  • Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) have been shown to contribute to malignant epithelial cells in a mouse model of Helicobacter-associated gastric cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Gastric cancer stem cells likely exist and play a role in tumor development.
  • BMDCs may contribute to gastric cancer, a phenomenon potentially applicable to human cancers, especially inflammation-associated ones.
  • Cancer stem cell research offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.