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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

[Neuroimmunological diseases: update].

Jun-ichi Kira1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New disease-modifying drugs for neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis show promise. However, molecular-targeted therapies require further research to balance efficacy with potential risks like secondary autoimmune conditions.

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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Quantification of Microglial Engulfment of Synaptic Material Using Flow Cytometry
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Published on: May 31, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Recent advancements in disease-modifying drugs for neuroimmunological conditions including multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • Development of therapies targeting specific molecules involved in disease pathogenesis.

Purpose:

  • To review the current landscape of molecular-targeted therapies for neuroimmunological diseases.
  • To highlight the efficacy and potential risks associated with these novel treatments.

Summary:

  • Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., natalizumab, alemtuzumab) have demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing relapse rates and slowing disease progression in multiple sclerosis.
  • Molecular-targeted therapies, while beneficial, carry the risk of disrupting immune balance, potentially leading to secondary autoimmune diseases or opportunistic infections.

Impact:

  • Molecular-targeted therapies offer a promising avenue for managing complex neuroimmunological diseases.
  • Further research into disease mechanisms and close clinical monitoring are crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of these treatments.