[Susceptible genes in neuroimmunological diseases]

Immunological, epidemiological, and genetic data indicate that tissue injury in neuroimmunological disorders results from an abnormal immune response to one or more antigens that develops in genetically susceptible individuals after exposure to an as-yet undefined causal agent. A genetic component in these diseases is indicated by an increased relative risk to siblings compared to the general population, and an increased concordance rate in monozygotic twins. The past few years have seen real progress in defining the genetic basis setting the stage for new approaches for the characterization of the genes involved in susceptibility and pathogenesis. Recent reports suggest a complex genetic etiology, including multiple genes of small to moderate effect and probable genetic heterogeneity. The identification and characterization of susceptibility genes and their correlation with disease phenotypes is likely to define the basic etiology of the disease, improve risk assessment, and influence therapeutics.