Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
MOSFET01:16

MOSFET

The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
Overview of Muscle Tissues01:25

Overview of Muscle Tissues

The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability. 
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Relative frequencies of muscle specific kinase antibody myasthenia in 46 centres worldwide.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Muscle fatigue with normal manual muscle testing, areflexia, and electrodiagnostic findings.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2026
Same author

[How to Diagnose Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Patients Early: A Systematic Review of Japanese Case Reports].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same author

Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Amifampridine Phosphate (Firdapse<sup>®</sup>) in Japanese Patients with Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LMS-005 Study).

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2025
Same author

Proposing a new short screening test for upper limb apraxia.

The British journal of occupational therapy·2025
Same author

[Muscle-Specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Antibody Positive Myasthenia Gravis].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2024
Same journal

[Development of novel therapeutics for multiple myeloma and improvement of drug lag].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
Same journal

[Clinical pharmacy services to patients of immunomodulatory drugs].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
Same journal

[Therapeutic drug monitoring of the new anti-myeloma drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
Same journal

[Prognostic value of minimal residual disease assessment using next-generation sequencing in multiple myeloma].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
Same journal

[The evaluation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma by an allele-specific oligonucleotide real-time PCR].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
Same journal

[Evaluation of minimal residual disease in myeloma by multiparametric flow cytometry].

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine·2019
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
09:14

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

Published on: January 6, 2019

[Overview: MuSK/Dok-7].

Masakatsu Motomura1, Taku Fukuda, Toshiro Yoshimura

  • 1The First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and Dok-7 are crucial for neuromuscular junctions and linked to myasthenia gravis (MG) and congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). Further research is needed to understand MuSK antibody effects and MuSK/Dok-7 interactions in these conditions.

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
09:14

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

Published on: January 6, 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuromuscular biology
  • Synapse formation and maintenance

Context:

  • Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and its interacting protein Dok-7 are vital for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering during neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation and function.
  • MuSK and Dok-7 are implicated in neuromuscular disorders, including myasthenia gravis (MG) and congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS).
  • Distinct clinical presentations and antibody profiles characterize different subtypes of MG, including AChR antibody-positive, MuSK antibody-positive, and double seronegative MG.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of MuSK and Dok-7 in NMJ formation and their association with MG and CMS.
  • To differentiate clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms between MuSK antibody-positive MG and other MG subtypes.
  • To investigate the unclear mechanisms by which MuSK antibodies cause symptoms and the functional impact of Dok-7 mutations.

Summary:

  • MuSK/Dok-7 are essential for AChR clustering at the NMJ, and their dysfunction is linked to MG and CMS.
  • MuSK antibody-positive MG patients exhibit distinct symptoms like oculobulbar weakness and lack thymoma, unlike AChR antibody-positive patients.
  • MuSK antibodies do not seem to cause complement-mediated endplate damage, and the precise mechanism of myasthenic symptoms remains elusive.
  • Dok-7 mutations are identified as a cause of CMS, highlighting its critical role in synaptic structure maintenance.

Impact:

  • Clarifies the classification of MG into distinct antibody-defined subtypes.
  • Highlights the need for further investigation into MuSK antibody pathogenicity and MuSK/Dok-7 interactions.
  • Informs diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic strategies for MG and CMS by understanding specific molecular targets.