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Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Overview
Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Surgical Lumbar Sympathectomy in Mice
05:24

Surgical Lumbar Sympathectomy in Mice

Published on: July 5, 2024

Sympathicotomy affects cutaneous blood flow, temperature, and sympathicus-mediated reflexes.

L-O D Koskinen1, P Blomstedt

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Umeå, Sweden. Lars-Owe.Koskinen@neuro.umu.se

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transthoracic endoscopic sympathicotomy (TES) effectively treats palmar hyperhidrosis, significantly increasing finger blood flow and temperature. Patients should be informed about TES

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Surgical Interventions

Background:

  • Primary palmar hyperhidrosis is a condition causing excessive sweating in the palms.
  • Transthoracic endoscopic sympathicotomy (TES) is a surgical option for severe cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sympathetically mediated effects of TES on palmar hyperhidrosis.
  • To assess the impact of TES on local blood flow, temperature, and autonomic reflexes.

Main Methods:

  • TES targeting thoracic sympathetic ganglia T2-T3.
  • Measurement of finger blood flow and temperature.
  • Assessment of autonomic reflexes via finger pulp-shrinking test.
  • Evaluation of middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities using transcranial Doppler.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in finger blood flow (approx. 700%) and temperature (7.0°C) post-TES.
  • Marked alterations in autonomic reflexes, including decreased finger pulp-shrinking.
  • No significant effect of TES on MCA mean blood flow velocities.

Conclusions:

  • TES demonstrates a high success rate for palmar hyperhidrosis.
  • TES induces substantial changes in local circulation and temperature regulation.
  • Patients require comprehensive counseling regarding potential side effects of TES.