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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial Meningitis

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Viral Meningitis

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Cryptococcal Meningitis

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Neoplastic meningitis.

Marc C Chamberlain¹

¹Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington Neuro-Oncology Program, 825 Eastlake Avenue E, Mail stop: G-6800, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. chambemc@u.washington.edu

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

|June 11, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neoplastic meningitis (NM) affects the entire nervous system, requiring comprehensive staging and treatment. While palliative, therapies for NM can stabilize patients and prevent further neurological decline.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Oncology
Neurology

Background:

Neoplastic meningitis (NM) affects approximately 5% of cancer patients.
NM impacts the entire neuraxis, necessitating a holistic approach to staging and treatment.
Current understanding and management strategies for NM are crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the comprehensive staging and treatment modalities for neoplastic meningitis.
To discuss the role of systemic therapy and intra-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug delivery in NM management.
To highlight the palliative goals and expected outcomes for patients with NM.

Main Methods:

Central nervous system staging involves contrast-enhanced brain and spine imaging, and radionuclide CSF flow studies.
Treatment incorporates involved-field radiotherapy for symptomatic sites and intra-CSF drug therapy.
Systemic therapy is being explored as an adjunct or alternative to intra-CSF chemotherapy.

Main Results:

Intra-CSF drug therapy currently utilizes methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and thiotepa via intralumbar or intraventricular delivery.
Concomitant systemic therapy may enhance treatment efficacy and potentially reduce the need for intra-CSF chemotherapy.
While palliative, NM treatments offer stabilization and protection against neurological deterioration.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive staging and treatment encompassing all CSF compartments are essential for NM.
Systemic therapy holds promise in improving outcomes for NM patients.
Current palliative treatments for NM can significantly improve quality of life and slow disease progression.