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Related Concept Videos

Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation01:29

Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation

The rate-determining step, or RDS, in a chemical reaction is the slowest step that determines the overall reaction rate. It is identified by using the observed rate law and typically involves approximation methods like the RDS approximation or the steady-state approximation.In the RDS approximation, also known as the rate-limiting-step or equilibrium approximation, the reaction mechanism consists of one or more reversible reactions near equilibrium, followed by a slower RDS, and then one or...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition
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Oxidative desulfurization: kinetic modelling.

S Dhir1, R Uppaluri, M K Purkait

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using hydrogen peroxide and tungsten-layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalysts. The Eley-Rideal mechanism accurately describes the process kinetics, offering economic insights for cleaner fuel production.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Stricter environmental regulations and increased petroleum demand necessitate efficient organic sulfur removal technologies.
  • Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is a key process for removing sulfur compounds from petroleum products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform kinetic modeling of ODS using hydrogen peroxide over tungsten-containing layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalysts.
  • To evaluate Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) and Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanisms for the ODS process.
  • To assess the economic viability of this catalytic technology.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of micro-kinetic reaction schemes and models based on LH and ER mechanisms.
  • Screening and selection of models using profile-based elimination and non-linear regression (Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm).
  • Development of an economic index based on regression analysis parameters.

Main Results:

  • The Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanism was identified as the best fit for describing the kinetic behavior of the ODS process.
  • The ER mechanism indicates that reactant and intermediate product adsorption occurs solely on the catalyst surface.
  • The calculated catalyst cost factor ranges from $0.0062 to $0.04759 per barrel.

Conclusions:

  • The Eley-Rideal mechanism provides an accurate kinetic model for ODS over tungsten-containing LDH catalysts.
  • This catalytic technology presents a potentially cost-effective solution for sulfur removal in petroleum refining.
  • The findings support the development of advanced catalysts for environmental compliance in the petroleum industry.