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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

Membrane Carbohydrates

The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
Membrane carbohydrates do not have any hydrophobic region and are exclusively located on the cell's outer surface. The addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins happens in...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

CD1d presentation of glycolipids.

Anneliese O Speak1, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Frances M Platt

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Tumour Immunology Group, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. annie.speak@pharm.ox.ac.uk

Immunology and Cell Biology
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The CD1d molecule presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells). Research is exploring these lipid ligands, crucial for iNKT cell function and development in immunity and disease.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
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Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

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A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The CD1 family comprises five antigen-presenting molecules (CD1a-e).
  • CD1d is of significant interest due to its role in presenting antigens to invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells).
  • iNKT cells possess a unique, invariant T cell receptor conserved across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential biology of iNKT cells and CD1d.
  • To emphasize candidate lipid ligands proposed for iNKT cell recognition.
  • To explore the roles of iNKT cells in host defense, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CD1d and iNKT cell biology.
  • Analysis of studies identifying and characterizing iNKT cell ligands.
  • Discussion of the immunological implications of iNKT cell regulation.

Main Results:

  • iNKT cells are positively selected in the thymus via CD1d presentation by thymocytes.
  • iNKT cells play diverse roles in immunity, including defense against pathogens and cancer.
  • Dysregulation of iNKT cell numbers can lead to autoimmune diseases like diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying physiologically relevant lipid ligands for iNKT cells is challenging but critical.
  • Glycosphingolipids are implicated in thymic iNKT cell development.
  • Both self-derived and pathogen-derived lipids may be involved in peripheral iNKT cell activation.