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Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
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Published on: March 19, 2016

Theory of passive harmonic mode-locking using waveguide arrays.

J Nathan Kutz1, Björn Sandstede

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kutz@amath.washington.edu

Optics Express
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study details harmonic mode-locking in lasers using waveguide arrays. It explains how nonlinear mode-coupling causes instabilities and pulse transitions with increasing gain.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optics
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Mode-locking is crucial for generating ultrashort laser pulses.
  • Waveguide arrays offer novel platforms for nonlinear optical phenomena.
  • Understanding mode-coupling dynamics is key to controlling laser output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive theoretical treatment of harmonic mode-locking in a laser cavity.
  • To investigate mode-locking driven by nonlinear mode-coupling in waveguide arrays.
  • To characterize oscillatory instabilities and pulse transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model for harmonic mode-locking.
  • Analyzed nonlinear mode-coupling effects in waveguide arrays.
  • Investigated the transition from M to M+1 pulses.

Main Results:

  • The theoretical model fully characterizes harmonic mode-locking phenomena.
  • Oscillatory instabilities were identified and explained.
  • The transition from M to M+1 pulses was mapped as a function of gain.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear mode-coupling in waveguide arrays is a viable mechanism for harmonic mode-locking.
  • The theoretical framework accurately predicts laser pulse dynamics.
  • Gain is a critical parameter in controlling mode-locking behavior and pulse evolution.