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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of Gauss's...
Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the number of...
Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves

Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes, this energy is obvious, such as in the summer sun's warmth. At other times, it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells. Electromagnetic waves bring energy into a system through their electric and magnetic fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. However, there is energy in an electromagnetic wave,...
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus negligible.
The energy...
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Inside-out electromagnetic cloaking.

Nina A Zharova1, Ilya V Shadrivov, Yuri S Kivshar

  • 1Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.

Optics Express
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an inverse cloak for electromagnetic waves, creating non-reflecting absorbing media for numerical simulations. This novel approach offers physically meaningful parameters unlike traditional methods.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Perfectly matched layers (PMLs) are standard for absorbing boundaries in numerical simulations.
  • PMLs often lack physically meaningful parameters, limiting their applicability.
  • Coordinate transformations offer a theoretical framework for manipulating electromagnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel concept of an inside-out (inverse) cloak for electromagnetic waves.
  • To demonstrate its application in creating physically meaningful absorbing non-reflecting media.
  • To provide an alternative to traditional perfectly matched layers in numerical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized coordinate transformation of Maxwell's equations.
  • Developed the theoretical framework for an inverse cloak.
  • Applied the concept to design absorbing boundary conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully conceptualized an inside-out cloak for electromagnetic waves.
  • Demonstrated that the proposed cloak can function as an absorbing non-reflecting medium.
  • Showcased that the absorbing boundaries possess physically meaningful parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The inverse cloak concept offers a promising alternative to perfectly matched layers.
  • This approach enables the creation of absorbing media with physically meaningful parameters.
  • The concept is adaptable for various numerical simulation schemes.