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Related Concept Videos

General State of Stress01:21

General State of Stress

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The general state of stress within a material can be accurately depicted using a stress tensor. This tensor encapsulates the internal forces distributed within a material subjected to external forces or deformations.
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...
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Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
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Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

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James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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When a force is applied on a body, it undergoes deformation. In order to restore the body to its original shape and/or size, an opposite or restoring force is generated within the body. This restoring force is equal to the magnitude of the applied force, but acts in the opposite direction. The amount of this restoring force developed per unit area of the body is called stress. Stress is a tensor quantity and has the SI unit pascal. Stress can be separated into four broad categories depending...
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Related Experiment Videos

Electromagnetic stress tensor in ponderable media.

Masud Mansuripur1

  • 1College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. masud@optics.arizona.edu

Optics Express
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers derived a new Maxwell stress tensor for magnetic dielectric materials. This work addresses the long-standing controversy regarding electromagnetic field momentum in transparent media.

Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The Maxwell stress tensor describes the forces exerted by electromagnetic fields.
  • Existing formulations by Abraham and Minkowski are debated for transparent materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a novel expression for the Maxwell stress tensor.
  • To specifically address magnetic dielectric media characterized by permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the generalized Lorentz law.
  • Analyzing the forces on polarization (P) and magnetization (M) in a medium.
  • Deriving the stress tensor from fundamental electromagnetic principles.

Main Results:

  • A new expression for the Maxwell stress tensor was successfully derived.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The derived tensor is applicable to magnetic dielectric materials.
  • The formulation offers a new perspective on the electromagnetic stress tensor.

    • Conclusions:

    • The new stress tensor provides a potential resolution to the Abraham-Minkowski controversy.
    • This work advances the understanding of electromagnetic momentum in materials.
    • The derived tensor is crucial for accurate modeling of electromagnetic interactions.