Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Published on: June 2, 2015
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents
1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA. Jeffrey.Penfield@va.gov
Abstract:
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a disease seen exclusively in patients with decreased renal function. The use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has a strong association with NSF. Linear non-ionic GBCAs that are more prone to release free gadolinium are the more likely to cause NSF. The number of reported cases has increased recently, and there are currently nine pediatric cases, the patients ranging in age from 8 years to 19 years, and the oldest adult patient is 87 years of age. The most successful treatment is improvement of renal function with renal transplantation or with recovery of acute kidney injury. NSF can be severely debilitating and even fatal. Avoidance of a GBCA in patients at risk, or limitation of the dose in the patients who need gadolinium enhancement, is recommended.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

