Over-the-counter cough and cold medication use in young children

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Pharmacology
• Public Health

Background:

• Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications are frequently used in young children despite a lack of supporting evidence.
• Children under 2 years are at increased risk for adverse events, including overdose and incorrect dosing, due to higher incidence of colds.
• Past data indicates over 1,500 emergency department visits for adverse events in children under 2 related to OTC cough and cold medications between 2004-2005, including 3 infant deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and present the available evidence on the use of OTC cough and cold medications in pediatric populations.
• To inform pediatric healthcare providers about the risks associated with OTC medication use in young children.
• To guide healthcare providers in educating caregivers on the safe and appropriate use of these medications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing evidence on OTC cough and cold medication use in children under 2 years.
• Analysis of reported adverse events and risk factors associated with medication ingestion.
• Synthesis of information to provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare providers.

Main Results:

• Significant number of adverse events and deaths reported in infants and toddlers due to OTC cough and cold medications.
• Lack of scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of these medications for children under 2 years.
• Common cold is typically a self-limiting illness manageable with symptomatic care.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare providers should be aware of the risks and lack of evidence for OTC cough and cold medications in young children.
• Minimizing the use of these medications in children under 2 is crucial to prevent adverse events.
• Educating caregivers on appropriate symptomatic treatment and safe medication practices is essential.