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Updated: Jul 30, 2026

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence
Published on: December 15, 2010
Consistency of hand preference: predictions to intelligence and school achievement
D W Kee1, A Gottfried, K Bathurst
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton 92634.
Abstract:
Gottfried and Bathurst (1983) reported that hand preference consistency measured over time during infancy and early childhood predicts intellectual precocity for females, but not for males. In the present study longitudinal assessments of children previously classified by Gottfried and Bathurst as consistent or nonconsistent in cross-time hand preference were conducted during middle childhood (ages 5 to 9). Findings show that (a) early measurement of hand preference consistency for females predicts school-age intellectual precocity, (b) the locus of the difference between consistent vs. nonconsistent females is in verbal intelligence, and (c) the precocity of the consistent females was also revealed on tests of school achievement, particularly tests of reading and mathematics.
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