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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

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Cohesin acetylation and ATPase activity control cohesion and loop architecture through distinct mechanisms.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Cohesin Acetylation and ATPase Activity Control Cohesion and Loop Architecture through Distinct Mechanisms.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
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A model for Scc2p stimulation of cohesin's ATPase and its inhibition by acetylation of Smc3p.

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Cohesin architecture and clustering in vivo.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Cohesin interaction with centromeric minichromosomes shows a multi-complex rod-shaped structure.

Alexandra Surcel1, Douglas Koshland, Hong Ma

  • 1The Intercollege Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cohesin, crucial for sister chromatid cohesion, interacts with chromosomes in vivo. New methods reveal cohesin

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
09:14

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cohesin is essential for sister chromatid cohesion, interacting with centromeres and Chromosome Attachment Regions (CARs).
  • The cohesin complex comprises Smc1p, Smc3p, Scc1p, and Scc3p subunits.
  • The in vivo mechanism of cohesin-chromatin interaction remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate in vivo cohesin-chromatin interactions.
  • To visualize cohesin complex structure and its association with chromosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Minichromosome Affinity Purification (MAP) to isolate cohesin-bound minichromosomes.
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin was observed to adopt a rod shape in vivo.
  • Cohesin interacts with replicated minichromosomes at one end of the rod.
  • Multiple cohesin molecules appear to interact with each replicated minichromosome pair, forming a thick rod.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin's in vivo structure and interaction with chromosomes have been visualized.
  • The findings suggest extensive interactions between Smc1p and Smc3p subunits within the cohesin complex.
  • This study provides insights into the physical basis of sister chromatid cohesion.