Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026
07:05
Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
Botulinum toxin type A for refractory post-stroke shoulder pain.
Glícia Pedreira1, Eduardo Cardoso, Ailton Melo
1Division of Neurology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|June 12, 2008
Summary
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) effectively reduces shoulder pain after stroke. This safe therapy improved pain during shoulder motion in a 4-month study.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is established for neurological conditions like spasticity.
- Post-stroke shoulder pain is a common and debilitating issue.
- Limited research explores BTX-A for post-stroke shoulder pain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of BTX-A in treating shoulder pain secondary to stroke.
Main Methods:
- A 4-month follow-up study involving 16 patients with persistent shoulder pain post-stroke.
- Patients received individualized BTX-A injections based on rehabilitation team recommendations.
- Evaluations included joint range of motion and an analog pain scale.
Main Results:
- Significant decrease in shoulder pain during motion, particularly extension and rotation.
- BTX-A treatment demonstrated a positive impact on pain reduction.
- No adverse events reported, indicating a favorable safety profile.
Conclusions:
- Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective therapeutic option for post-stroke shoulder pain.
- BTX-A offers a promising treatment for improving function and reducing pain in stroke survivors.
- Further research is warranted to explore optimal dosing and long-term outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
01:22Botulism
Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
01:31Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
01:20Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
01:28Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
01:29Tetanus
Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...