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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
Evaluation of substrates for 90 degrees peel adhesion--a collaborative study. II. Transdermal drug delivery systems
Anna M Wokovich1, Stanley A Brown, Meiyu Shen
1Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. anna.wokovich@fda.hhs.gov
Abstract:
In a previous study on peel adhesion for medical tapes, it was shown that a stainless steel (SS) substrate better discriminated among medical tapes than a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate. The objective of this study was to determine if a SS substrate would also better distinguish among transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs). Five TDDSs (Vivelle Dot, Climara, Catapres-TTS, Duragesic, and Mylan Fentanyl) were evaluated on three different substrates (SS, HDPE, and human cadaver skin). All measurements were made using a dwell time of approximately 3 min, a peel angle of 90 degrees, and a peel speed of 300 mm/min. Differences among TDDSs were greater for SS than for HDPE, using the F statistic for testing for differences among TDDSs means as a measure of heterogeneity, thereby indicating greater discrimination by SS.
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