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Production of Alcohol

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...

Fermentation

Fermentation

Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...

Microbial Fermentation

Microbial Fermentation

Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...

Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

Production of Organic Acids

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

Published on: December 25, 2015

Recycle in fermentation processes.

¹Swiss Federal Institute for Water Research and Water Pollution Control, Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

|March 1, 1982

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recycling microbial, liquid, and gaseous phases in fermentation is gaining traction due to economic and environmental pressures. This review examines diverse recycle technologies to guide future developments in the fermentation industry.

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Published on: October 24, 2016

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biotechnology
Environmental Engineering

Background:

Recycling of microbial, liquid, or gaseous phases in microbiological processes has been limited, except for activated sludge in wastewater treatment.
Recent economic and legislative changes have spurred interest in recycle technology within the fermentation industry.
Isolated developments in recycle technology have sometimes failed to improve process economics or reduce pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current diversity of recycle technology approaches in fermentation processes.
To provide a foundation for future advancements in fermentation recycle technology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recycle technology in fermentation.
Analysis of diverse approaches and their outcomes.

Main Results:

Widespread adoption of recycle technology in fermentation is a recent trend.
Varied success in improving process economics and reducing environmental impact.
Need for a consolidated understanding of different recycle strategies.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive review of recycle technology is crucial for informed future development.
Optimizing recycle strategies can enhance both economic viability and environmental sustainability in fermentation.