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Related Concept Videos

Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
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Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

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Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
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Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Bullying02:04

Bullying

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
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[School phobia or school refusal?].

Marie-France Le Heuzey1

  • 1Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, hôpital Robert-Debré, 75935 Paris Cedex 19. marie-france.leheuzey@rdb.aphp.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|June 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

School refusal, previously termed school phobia, encompasses anxiety, depression, and conduct disorders. This review details clinical dimensions and a treatment plan focused on improving school attendance for practitioners.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Context:

  • The concept of school phobia has evolved to encompass a broader range of conditions.
  • Current literature prefers the term "school refusal" to describe this complex behavior.
  • School refusal is often associated with underlying anxiety disorders, depression, and conduct disorders, as well as behaviors like school truancy.

Purpose:

  • To review the primary clinical and therapeutic aspects of school refusal.
  • To enhance awareness among practitioners regarding the multifaceted nature of school refusal.
  • To outline a practical treatment strategy centered on promoting consistent school attendance.

Summary:

  • This article provides a comprehensive overview of school refusal, moving beyond its association solely with anxiety disorders.

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  • It highlights the expanded scope, including depression and conduct disorders, and emphasizes the shift in terminology to "school refusal."
  • The review details key clinical presentations and therapeutic interventions, with a focus on a treatment plan designed to address school attendance issues.

    • Impact:

    • Aims to equip mental health professionals with a deeper understanding of school refusal.
    • Provides a framework for developing effective interventions to manage school refusal.
    • Contributes to improved outcomes for children and adolescents experiencing difficulties with school attendance.