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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Published on: February 13, 2021

Field sampling method for quantifying odorants in humid environments.

Steven L Trabue¹, Kenwood D Scoggin, Hong Li

¹National Soil Tilth Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2110 University Boulevard, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov

Environmental Science & Technology

|June 13, 2008

Summary

Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes are the best method for measuring semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in humid agricultural air. This technique accurately quantifies odor-causing compounds in swine and poultry operations.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Agricultural Engineering

Background:

Air quality in agricultural settings is crucial for livestock welfare and surrounding communities.
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are key contributors to odor in animal agriculture.
Accurate quantification of SVOCs in humid environments presents a significant analytical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a robust sampling technique for measuring SVOCs in humid agricultural environments.
To evaluate the performance of different sorbent materials under varying relative humidity (RH) conditions.
To identify key odor-causing SVOCs in swine and poultry CAFOs.

Main Methods:

Generated test atmospheres at controlled temperatures and RH (25%, 50%, 80%).
Tested sorbent tubes (Tenax, graphitized carbon, CMS) with varying air volumes (2-24 L).
Evaluated sorbent performance based on water sorption, compound recovery, and artifact formation.
Conducted field sampling in swine and poultry feeding operations.

Main Results:

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) tubes showed poor performance at high RH due to water sorption, improved by heating.
Tenax tubes exhibited breakthrough and artifact formation with larger air volumes.
Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes (Carbopack X, Carbopack C) provided quantitative recovery across all tested RH and volumes.
Field samples identified specific SVOCs (e.g., butanoic acid, phenols, indoles) above odor thresholds in swine and poultry facilities.

Conclusions:

Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes are superior for sampling SVOCs in humid agricultural air.
The developed method enables accurate monitoring of odor-causing compounds in livestock operations.
This technique supports improved air quality management in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs).