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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

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Poly(methylmethacrylate) grafted chitosan: An efficient adsorbent for anionic azo dyes.

V Singh1, A K Sharma, D N Tripathi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India. singhvandanasingh@rediffmail.com

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesized a novel Chitosan-graft-poly(methylmethacrylate) copolymer, demonstrating its effectiveness as an adsorbent for removing anionic azo dyes from wastewater. The material significantly outperformed parent chitosan in decolorization, indicating its potential for industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Anionic azo dyes pose significant environmental challenges in textile industry wastewater.
  • Developing efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for dye removal is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize Chitosan-graft-poly(methylmethacrylate) (Ch-g-PMMA) copolymer.
  • To evaluate Ch-g-PMMA's efficacy as an adsorbent for anionic azo dyes.
  • To compare its performance against parent chitosan for wastewater decolorization.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ch-g-PMMA via peroxydisulfate/ascorbic acid initiation.
  • Characterization using FTIR, XRD, and 13C NMR.
  • Sorption experiments with Procion Yellow MX, Remazol Brilliant Violet, and Reactive Blue H5G dyes at varying pH and concentrations.
  • Adsorption isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich) and kinetic (pseudo-second-order) modeling.
  • Thermodynamic analysis (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°).

Main Results:

  • Ch-g-PMMA exhibited excellent water insolubility and efficient adsorption of three anionic azo dyes across a broad pH range (4-10), with optimal performance at pH 7.
  • The copolymer demonstrated superior decolorization of textile wastewater compared to native chitosan.
  • Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) were 250 (yellow), 357 (violet), and 178 (blue) mg/g.
  • Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting step.
  • Negative free energy changes confirmed the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process.

Conclusions:

  • Ch-g-PMMA is a highly effective adsorbent for anionic azo dyes, offering significant advantages over parent chitosan.
  • The material shows promise for treating textile industry wastewater.
  • Chemisorption, governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics, is the primary mechanism for dye removal.