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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
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RNA dynamics: it is about time.

Hashim M Al-Hashimi1, Nils G Walter

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States. hashimi@umich.edu

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|June 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA molecules undergo complex shape changes, crucial for their functions. Biophysical tools reveal how these dynamics are influenced by cellular signals and intrinsic RNA properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • RNA molecules perform complex functions through dynamic conformational changes.
  • These transitions are essential for processes like RNA folding, ligand binding, catalysis, and ribonucleoprotein assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding RNA dynamics.
  • To highlight the role of biophysical tools in studying these dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent biophysical studies on RNA dynamics.
  • Analysis of factors influencing RNA conformational transitions.

Main Results:

  • RNA dynamics are encoded by intrinsic structural properties and external factors.
  • Cellular signals, proteins, ions, metabolites, and temperature modulate RNA behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Biophysical tools provide critical insights into the complex dynamics of RNA.
  • Understanding RNA dynamics is key to deciphering its diverse cellular roles.