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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

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Simple sequence repeats: genetic modulators of brain function and behavior.

John W Fondon1, Elizabeth A D Hammock, Anthony J Hannan

  • 1McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|June 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are DNA sequences prone to mutation, impacting gene function and contributing to both neurodegenerative diseases and normal variations in brain and behavior. These genetic

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are tandemly repeated DNA sequences characterized by short motifs.
  • These sequences are highly mutable, with variations in repeat number potentially affecting gene function.
  • SSRs are found in various genomic locations, including promoters, untranslated regions, and coding sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of SSRs in both disease pathogenesis and normal biological variation.
  • To highlight the impact of SSRs on gene function, neuronal development, and behavior.
  • To explore the involvement of SSRs in a range of traits including circadian rhythms, social behavior, cognition, and personality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating simple sequence repeats.
  • Analysis of research linking SSR mutations to hereditary disorders and normal trait variation.
  • Synthesis of findings on SSR influence on gene regulation and expression.

Main Results:

  • Mutational expansion of triplet repeats is implicated in hereditary neurodegenerative disorders.
  • SSR alleles contribute to normal variation in brain and behavioral traits such as circadian rhythmicity, sociosexual interaction, aggression, cognition, and personality.
  • SSRs influence neuronal differentiation, brain development, and behavioral evolution.

Conclusions:

  • SSRs are significant genetic elements with a dual role in disease and normal variation.
  • Understanding SSR dynamics is crucial for comprehending gene function, neurological disorders, and behavioral traits.
  • SSRs represent a key area for future research in genetics, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology.