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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

[Computational approaches to microRNA discovery].

Yan-Yan Hou¹, Xiao-Min Ying, Wu-Ju Li

¹Center of Computational Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China. diana0003@163.com

Yi Chuan = Hereditas

|June 14, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Computational methods enhance microRNA (miRNA) discovery by identifying low-abundance or specifically expressed RNAs, complementing traditional cDNA cloning. This review categorizes five computational approaches for miRNA identification.

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Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay

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Published on: May 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics

Context:

microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in plants and animals.
Traditional cDNA cloning faces limitations in discovering low-abundance or spatio-temporally specific miRNAs.

Purpose:

To review and categorize computational approaches for microRNA discovery.
To discuss the principles, advantages, and limitations of various computational methods.

Summary:

This review categorizes computational miRNA discovery into five classes: homology search, comparative genomics, sequence/structure scoring, target prediction, and machine learning.
Each method's principles, strengths, and weaknesses are analyzed, highlighting their complementary role to experimental techniques.

Impact:

Provides a comprehensive overview of computational miRNA discovery strategies.
Informs future research directions for identifying novel microRNAs and understanding their regulatory roles.