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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

CTCF physically links cohesin to chromatin.

Eric D Rubio1, David J Reiss, Piri L Welcsh

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98195, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cohesin, a protein complex crucial for sister chromatid cohesion, is recruited to specific DNA sites through interactions with CTCF. This binding is essential for gene regulation and understanding cohesin-related developmental disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cohesin is vital for preventing premature sister chromatid separation post-replication.
  • The functional importance of cohesin's interaction with interphase chromatin remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of cohesin's association with interphase chromatin.
  • To elucidate the role of the STAG1 (Scc3/SA1) subunit of cohesin and its interaction with CTCF.
  • To understand cohesin recruitment mechanisms to chromosomal sites.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomics to identify cohesin-interacting proteins.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by chip-chip (ChIP-Chip) analysis.
  • Analysis of human DM1 alleles with mutations in CTCF-binding motifs.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • STAG1 (Scc3/SA1) subunit of cohesin interacts with CTCF at the c-myc insulator.
  • Cohesin recruitment to chromosomal sites is dependent on CTCF binding.
  • STAG1 binding strongly correlates with CTCF-binding sites, though some sites are exclusive to either CTCF or STAG1.
  • CTCF associates with both centromeres and chromosomal arms during metaphase.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin is linked to gene regulatory functions through its interaction with CTCF.
  • CTCF plays an essential role in sister chromatid cohesion.
  • Findings have implications for cohesinopathies like Cornelia de Lange and Roberts syndromes.