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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
07:43

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Determining knee joint alignment using digital photographs.

Holger Schmitt1, Hannes Kappel, Michael T Moser

  • 1Stiftung Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany. holger.schmitt@ok.uni-heidelberg.de

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|June 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Standardized photographs reliably measure knee joint alignment, reflecting the mechanical axis. This method is highly reliable for tracking varus and valgus malalignments in patients.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanical analysis

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of knee joint alignment is crucial for diagnosing and managing varus and valgus malalignments.
  • Standardized photographic methods offer a potentially accessible alternative to traditional radiographic assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reliability of measuring knee joint alignment using standardized digital photographs.
  • To investigate the impact of variations in standing position on measured knee alignment angles.
  • To determine if photographic measurements correlate with radiographic assessments of the anatomical or mechanical axis.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated interrater, intrarater, and test-retest reliability of photographic knee alignment measurements.
  • Assessed the influence of image-object distance, leg separation, and leg rotation on measured angles.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
07:43

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

  • Compared photographic measurements with full-length radiographs to determine if they represent the anatomical or mechanical axis.

    • Main Results:

    • High reliability was found for interrater (ICC 0.997), intrarater (ICC 0.989), and test-retest (ICC 0.904) measurements.
    • Slight deviations (0-1.8 degrees) were observed with changes in radiograph-object distance.
    • Leg rotation significantly influenced results (ICC 0.658), and varus malalignment increased with feet together stance.
    • Photographic measurements closely reflected the mechanical axis with minimal deviation (0.12-1.9 degrees).

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized photographic measurement of the clinical axis for knee alignment is highly reliable.
    • This method can be effectively utilized for the individual follow-up of varus and valgus knee malalignments.
    • Photographic assessment provides a reliable and potentially more accessible tool for clinical practice.