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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Relationship between inflammation and cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea.

Alexander Haensel¹, Wayne A Bardwell, Paul J Mills

¹Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland.

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung

|June 14, 2008

Summary

Inflammation markers, specifically soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), are linked to cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This finding suggests inflammation plays a role in the cognitive impairments experienced by OSA patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sleep Medicine
Immunology

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) negatively impacts cognitive, mood, and cardiovascular health.
OSA disrupts sleep architecture, oxygenation, and sympathetic nervous system function.
The specific mechanisms linking OSA to cognitive decline are not fully understood, particularly the role of inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between inflammatory parameters and cognitive dysfunction in patients with OSA.
To determine if inflammatory markers contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in OSA.

Main Methods:

Thirty-nine patients with untreated OSA underwent polysomnography and neuropsychological testing.
Blood samples were collected after the initial sleep evaluation.
Analyzed levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1).

Main Results:

Soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) showed a significant correlation with cognitive dysfunction.
Obstructive sleep apnea severity alone explained 5.5% of the variance in cognitive dysfunction.
Including sTNF-R1 in the model increased the explained variance to 19.6% (p=0.05), with sTNF-R1 being a significant individual predictor (beta=0.376, p=0.02).

Conclusions:

Soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) may be associated with reduced neuropsychological functioning in OSA patients.
Chronic inflammation, as indicated by sTNF-R1 levels, is a potential contributor to cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea.