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SV40 large T antigen-specific human T cell memory responses.

Sharon Coleman¹, Allen Gibbs, Eric Butchart

¹Velindre Hospital, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Journal of Medical Virology

|June 14, 2008

Summary

Simian virus 40 (SV40) infection in humans is confirmed by detecting specific T cell memory. Researchers found SV40-specific T cell responses in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, indicating cellular immunity to the virus.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Simian virus 40 (SV40), a monkey polyomavirus, is detected in humans, evidenced by antibodies in children.
SV40 presence is suspected in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To find cellular immunological evidence of SV40 infection in humans.
To analyze T cell responses to SV40 large T antigen (Tag) in MPM patients and healthy donors.

Main Methods:

Testing memory T cell responses to SV40 Tag peptides using cytokine flow cytometry.
Analyzing T cell reactivity to specific SV40 Tag epitopes, including p138.
Assessing cross-reactivity with human polyomaviruses BK and JC.

Main Results:

CD8+ T cells from 4 of 32 MPM patients showed significant responses to SV40 Tag peptides.
No positive T cell responses were detected in 12 healthy donors.
Identified immunogenic SV40 Tag sequences and a specific T cell epitope (p138) with no cross-reactivity to BKV and JCV Tag.

Conclusions:

Demonstrates the presence of SV40-specific T cell memory in humans.
Provides detailed analysis of SV40-specific T cell responses in MPM patients.
Suggests a role for SV40 in human diseases, potentially including MPM.