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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing
04:49

Automated Counterflow Centrifugal System for Small-Scale Cell Processing

Published on: December 12, 2019

Immobilized cell cross-flow reactor.

G K Chotani1, A Constantinides

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|March 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored yeast cell biocatalysis in a cross-flow reactor, finding that silica addition enhanced particle strength. Higher temperatures (35°C) reduced performance compared to optimal conditions (30°C).

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Published on: April 22, 2016

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Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
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Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biocatalysis

Background:

  • Yeast cells are widely used as biocatalysts in various industrial processes.
  • Encapsulation of yeast cells in matrices like sodium alginate improves stability and handling.
  • Reactor design, such as cross-current flow, influences process efficiency and product inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the performance of sodium alginate gel entrapped yeast cells in a cross-current flow reactor under growth conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of micron-sized silica incorporation on biocatalyst particle properties.
  • To determine the effect of temperature and cross-flow rate on reactor productivity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Operation of a cross-current flow reactor with yeast cells immobilized in silica-reinforced sodium alginate beads (1 mm diameter).
  • Comparison of process performance at 30°C and 35°C.
  • Analysis of residence time distribution to characterize reactor hydrodynamics.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of micron-sized silica significantly improved the mechanical strength and internal surface adhesion of the biocatalyst particles.
  • Reactor productivity and stability were decreased at 35°C compared to 30°C.
  • Increased cross-flow rates effectively diminished the product inhibition effect.
  • Residence time distribution analysis indicated the reactor behaved similarly to a series of backmixed fermentors or a plug flow fermentor with axial dispersion.

Conclusions:

  • Silica-enhanced alginate beads provide a robust matrix for yeast cell immobilization in cross-flow reactors.
  • Optimal operating temperature is crucial for maximizing biocatalyst performance, with 30°C being superior to 35°C in this study.
  • Cross-flow reactor configuration offers advantages in mitigating product inhibition and can be modeled using standard hydrodynamic approaches.