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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Cinnamon in type 2 diabetics].

Hermann P T Ammon1

  • 1Pharmakologie für Naturwissenschaftler, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen. sekretariat.ammon@uni-tuebingen.de

Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten
|June 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cinnamon shows potential for regulating glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes, but its classification as food or drug remains debated by scientific and industry groups.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Diabetology
  • Nutrition Science

Context:

  • Cinnamon preparations are marketed as food additives to regulate glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
  • Pharmacological and clinical studies suggest cinnamon improves glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.
  • This has created a dispute between food additive producers and scientific experts.

Purpose:

  • To address the controversy surrounding cinnamon's use as a dietary supplement for glucose regulation.
  • To clarify the classification of cinnamon as either a food or a drug based on its pharmacological effects.

Summary:

  • Cinnamon's purported benefits for glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes are supported by some studies.
  • However, scientific bodies like the German Diabetes Association (DDG) and German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG) have expressed caution.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The core issue is whether cinnamon, due to its medicinal properties, should be regulated as a drug rather than a food.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the ongoing debate regarding the regulatory classification of natural products with therapeutic potential.
    • Underscores the need for clear scientific and regulatory guidelines for food supplements with pharmacological activity.
    • Emphasizes the distinction between food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical drugs in the context of metabolic health.