Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026
18:57
Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
Published on: October 17, 2013
Quantification of peritoneal transport.
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Shonan Institute of Technology, Fujisawa, Japan. yama@la.shonan-it.ac.jp
Summary
Choosing the right kinetic model is crucial for hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapies. Advanced models can predict ultrafiltration and aid in complex treatment plans like complementary PD and HD therapy.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Mathematical Modeling
Background:
- Kinetic models are established tools in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).
- A variety of theoretical models exist, necessitating careful selection based on study objectives.
- Simple models suit clinical research, while rigorous models, often computer-based, offer deeper analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application and selection criteria for kinetic models in dialysis therapies.
- To introduce a novel index for predicting peritoneal ultrafiltration.
- To demonstrate the utility of kinetic models in complex therapeutic regimens.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing kinetic models for HD and PD.
- Introduction of the "index for peritoneal diffusive selectivity" (IPDS) based on mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) for urea and creatinine.
- Discussion of sample calculations for combined PD and HD therapy.
Main Results:
- The mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) can be utilized beyond diffusion transport.
- The novel IPDS offers a predictive tool for peritoneal ultrafiltration.
- Kinetic models are particularly valuable for optimizing intricate treatment protocols like complementary PD and HD.
Conclusions:
- The choice of kinetic model should align with the specific research or clinical aims.
- The IPDS provides a new metric for assessing peritoneal diffusive selectivity and predicting ultrafiltration.
- Kinetic modeling is essential for managing complex dialysis prescriptions, including combined therapies.
Related Concept Videos
01:06Carrier-Mediated Transport
Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
01:31Transport Number
The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
01:23Transcellular Transport of Solutes
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
01:09Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ
In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
01:44The Significance of Membrane Transport
The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
01:24Reynolds Transport Theorem
The Reynolds transport theorem provides a framework to relate the time rate of change of an extensive property within a system to that in a control volume, which is crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics. Extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum, can be expressed in terms of the mass of a fluid portion. These properties are called extensive because they depend on the system's size, while intensive properties are their corresponding values per unit mass.