Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Rapid Quantification of Oxidized and Reduced Forms of Glutathione Using Ortho -phthalaldehyde in Cultured Mammalian Cells In Vitro
03:35

Rapid Quantification of Oxidized and Reduced Forms of Glutathione Using Ortho -phthalaldehyde in Cultured Mammalian Cells In Vitro

Published on: June 28, 2024

Antioxidant status of children with acute renal failure

Om Prakash Mishra1, Vishal Pooniya, Ziledar Ali

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. opmpedia@yahoo.co.uk

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|June 17, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to acute renal failure (ARF) in children. Elevated plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin levels accurately predict mortality in pediatric ARF patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Free radical production is implicated in renal injury and acute renal failure (ARF) pathogenesis.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators in cellular damage, including within the kidneys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate indirect markers of ROS in children diagnosed with ARF.
  • To compare these markers between ARF patients and healthy controls.
  • To assess the predictive value of these markers for mortality in pediatric ARF.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 40 children (0-10 years) with ARF was studied.
  • Twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children served as controls.
  • Plasma levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitrite, copper, ascorbic acid, zinc, and ceruloplasmin were measured.

Main Results:

  • ARF patients showed significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde, copper, ascorbic acid, and ceruloplasmin compared to controls.
  • Nonsurvivors had elevated malondialdehyde, nitrite, copper, ceruloplasmin, and reduced zinc levels versus survivors.
  • Plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin demonstrated the highest accuracy, sensitivity (100%), and specificity (60.7%) in predicting ARF mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Increased oxidant and antioxidant levels in ARF suggest ROS involvement in pathogenesis.
  • Plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin concentrations are valuable predictors of mortality in pediatric ARF.
  • Further research into ROS modulation could offer therapeutic targets for ARF.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...