Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Batch vs Continuous Culture01:14

Batch vs Continuous Culture

Fermentation is a foundational biotechnological process used to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, enzymes, and food additives. Among industrial strategies, batch and continuous fermentation are the two most widely applied. Although both rely on microbial conversion of substrates into desired products, they differ markedly in operation, productivity, and suitability for specific applications.Batch fermentation occurs in a closed system in which nutrient media and inoculum are added at the...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Production of Alcohol01:27

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Psychotherapy and poverty. Problems and perspectives. II. The poor patient in psychotherapy].

Revista de neuro-psiquiatria·1975
Same author

[Psychotherapy and poverty. Problems and perspectives. I. Psychotherapy and social forces].

Revista de neuro-psiquiatria·1974
Same journal

Developing Anti-EGFR/Anti-HER2 Bifunctional Antibody for Solid Tumors by Protein Engineering.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Bridging Organ-on-a-Chip and Omics: A Multi-Dimensional Frontier in Biomedical Research.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Hemopexin Purification From Human Cohn Fraction IV Paste and Its Biophysical Characterization and Functional Evaluation in Sickle Cell Disease Mice.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Characterization and Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Lytic Phage-Derived Endolysin PA16cLys Against Uropathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Modeling Multiscale Architecture of Biofilm Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Oxygen Transport.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

A Behavior-Integrated Potency Assay for Quantitative Evaluation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling by Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding for Large-scale Expansion of Mammalian Cells in Spheroids
11:01

Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding for Large-scale Expansion of Mammalian Cells in Spheroids

Published on: September 25, 2016

Estimation and control techniques for continuous culture fermentation processes.

J A Gallegos1, J A Gallegos

  • 1Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000 México, DF, Mexico.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|May 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern estimation and control techniques were applied to a simulated fermentation process. The methods effectively managed disturbances, demonstrating robust performance in controlling substrate and biomass concentrations.

More Related Videos

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
12:54

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

Published on: September 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding for Large-scale Expansion of Mammalian Cells in Spheroids
11:01

Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding for Large-scale Expansion of Mammalian Cells in Spheroids

Published on: September 25, 2016

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
12:54

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

Published on: September 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biochemical Engineering
  • Process Control
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Fermentation processes are critical in biotechnology and require precise control for optimal yield.
  • Accurate monitoring and control of substrate and biomass concentrations are essential for efficient fermentation.
  • Existing control strategies may face challenges with disturbances and parameter variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of modern estimation and control techniques in a simulated fermentation environment.
  • To assess the performance of a control structure utilizing a substrate concentration observer and measurable biomass concentration.
  • To test the robustness of the control system against external and parametric disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of a fermentation process.
  • Implementation of a control structure incorporating an observer for substrate concentration estimation.
  • Assumption of measurable biomass concentration.
  • Testing the control system's response to simulated external and parametric disturbances.

Main Results:

  • The applied estimation and control techniques yielded very good results in the simulated fermentation.
  • The observer-based control structure effectively managed substrate concentration.
  • The system demonstrated robustness when subjected to both external and parametric disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Modern estimation and control techniques are effective for simulated fermentation processes.
  • The developed control structure, using a substrate observer, is robust and performs well under disturbances.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for enhancing the control of industrial fermentation operations.