Endometrial prolactin and implantation.

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Immunology

Background:

• The precise role of prolactin in human implantation and endometrial function is not fully understood.
• Prolactin synthesis in the human endometrium and decidua has been confirmed, with evidence of both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms.
• The regulation of prolactin secretion differs between the pituitary and decidua, influenced by various hormones and factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of prolactin's role in human implantation and endometrial function.
• To explore the synthesis, secretion, and potential biological significance of prolactin and its glycosylated forms in the reproductive context.
• To investigate the immunomodulatory aspects of prolactin in human implantation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on prolactin synthesis, secretion, and function in human endometrium and decidua.
• Analysis of hormonal and cellular regulation of prolactin production.
• Examination of prolactin's potential interaction with immune factors and its role in implantation.

Main Results:

• Prolactin is synthesized in the human endometrium and decidua, with varying glycosylation patterns during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
• Decidual prolactin secretion is regulated differently from pituitary prolactin and can be stimulated by progesterone, calcium, and insulin-like growth factor-1.
• Prolactin may play a local immunomodulatory role in implantation by supporting the production of macrophage activating factors like interferon.

Conclusions:

• The exact contribution of endometrial and decidual prolactin to human implantation requires further elucidation.
• Understanding the regulation and biological significance of prolactin glycosylation is crucial.
• Prolactin's potential local immunomodulatory role warrants continued research in the context of successful human implantation.