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Related Concept Videos

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
09:27

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography

Published on: January 16, 2011

Primary particle formation in protein precipitation.

C D Nelson1, C E Glatz

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|October 1, 1985
PubMed
Summary

Protein precipitation recovery is influenced by particle size and density. This study investigated how precipitation conditions affect soy protein aggregates, revealing a nucleation/growth model for size determination.

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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Food science and technology
  • Protein chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Protein recovery often involves precipitation, where particle characteristics (size, density) impact ease of isolation.
  • Solid protein particles are aggregates of smaller primary particles, influencing overall properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of primary particle properties on protein aggregate characteristics.
  • To determine the role of precipitation conditions (acid, CaCl2) on soy protein precipitation.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of zeta potential to assess particle surface charge.
  • Size distribution analysis to characterize particle dimensions.
  • Controlled precipitation of soy protein using acid or calcium chloride (CaCl2).

Main Results:

  • Precipitation conditions significantly affect soy protein aggregate size and zeta potential.
  • Results align with a nucleation and growth model governing particle size determination.
  • Indirect evidence suggests primary particle fractionation, despite aggregate homogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding precipitation mechanisms is crucial for optimizing protein recovery processes.
  • The study provides insights into the relationship between primary particle properties and aggregate formation in soy protein precipitation.
  • A nucleation/growth model effectively describes size determination during soy protein precipitation.