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Critical periods in brain development.

J L Smart1

  • 1Department of Child Health, University of Manchester, Medical School, UK.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Brain development occurs in overlapping phases of cell multiplication and maturation. Timing is crucial, as external factors like nutrition impact ongoing growth processes, potentially causing lasting effects.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Brain development follows distinct phases: neuronal multiplication, glial proliferation, myelination, and arborization.
  • Developmental timing is critical; processes completed before an event are unaffected, while ongoing and subsequent processes can be impacted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how various factors affect brain development based on timing.
  • To analyze the specific impact of nutrition on brain growth processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brain development.
  • Examination of the effects of ionizing radiation, hormones, environmental stimulation, and nutrition.

Main Results:

  • Undernutrition equally depresses all concurrent brain growth processes.

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  • The timing of exposure to external factors determines the extent and nature of developmental perturbations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Brain development is sensitive to timing, with external factors causing effects through direct impact and cascading consequences.
    • The permanence of developmental effects, particularly from undernutrition, requires further investigation into compensatory mechanisms.