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Impact of Common Fruit Juices and Toothbrushing on the Discoloration of Primary Teeth

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Global affordability of fluoride toothpaste.

Ann S Goldman¹, Robert Yee, Christopher J Holmgren

¹School of Public Health and Health Services, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. sphasg@gwumc.edu

Globalization and Health

|June 17, 2008

Summary

Fluoride toothpaste, a key preventive measure against dental caries, is significantly less affordable in low-income countries compared to high-income nations. This disparity highlights the need for global strategies to improve access to this essential oral hygiene product.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Dental Hygiene
Health Economics

Background:

Dental caries is the most prevalent global disease.
Fluoride toothpaste is a highly effective public health measure for caries prevention.
Globalization and dietary changes exacerbate caries risk in emerging economies.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the cost and affordability of fluoride toothpaste across high-, middle-, and low-income countries.
To test the hypothesis that fluoride toothpaste affordability varies significantly by country income level.

Main Methods:

Consumer prices for fluoride toothpastes were collected via a questionnaire from 48 countries.
Affordability was assessed by comparing toothpaste cost to annual household expenditure.
The number of workdays required to purchase average annual toothpaste usage was calculated.

Main Results:

A clear trend shows that as a country's per capita household expenditure decreases, the proportion of household expenditure needed for toothpaste increases.
In the UK, the poorest 30% needed 0.037 days of expenditure for annual toothpaste, while in Kenya, 10.75 days were required.
The proportion of annual household expenditure for toothpaste ranged from 0.02% in the UK to 4% in Zambia.

Conclusions:

Substantial inequalities in the affordability of fluoride toothpaste exist globally.
Urgent action is needed to improve access to this essential preventive oral care product.
Recommendations for improving affordability are proposed, drawing parallels with strategies for essential pharmaceuticals.