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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Published on: May 15, 2017

A washoff model for stormwater pollutants.

Puripus Soonthornnonda¹, Erik R Christensen, Yang Liu

¹Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, P.O. Box 784, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment

|June 17, 2008

Summary

A new washoff rate equation models stormwater pollutants from residential and open areas. This equation helps estimate pollutant transport and aids in developing effective stormwater management practices.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Hydrology
Water Quality

Background:

Stormwater runoff is a significant source of pollutants, including metals, nutrients, and bacteria.
Previous models often overlooked residential and open land areas, despite their contribution to pollutant loads.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel washoff rate equation for stormwater pollutants.
To apply this equation to residential and open land areas.
To estimate pollutant transport coefficients for various contaminants.

Main Methods:

Developed a washoff rate equation based on linear pollutant mass buildup.
Determined the transport coefficient (c) from the hydrograph peak.
Applied the equation to estimate coefficients for metals, TSS, BOD(5), TP, E. coli, and fecal coliform.

Main Results:

Estimated transport coefficients (c) for seven metals, TSS, BOD(5), TP, E. coli, and fecal coliform.
Established the order of transport coefficients for metals (Pb>Ag>Zn>Cu>Ni>Hg>Cd) and all parameters (TSS>fecal coliform>E. coli>Pb>BOD(5)>Ag>Zn>Cu>Ni>Hg>Cd>TP).
The equation accounts for mixed land uses through mass deposition and effective area.

Conclusions:

The developed washoff rate equation is applicable to previously underrepresented land uses.
The estimated transport coefficients provide insights into pollutant behavior in stormwater.
The model is expected to aid in developing best management practices for stormwater quality.